Design Standards of Post Disaster Temporary Housing

Housing is a critical issue in the aftermath of disasters, often affecting far more people than casualties themselves. Huge number of victims need to live in post disaster temporary housing for many years. This phenomenon has been exacerbated by three recent trends: climate change, rising income disparities leading to increased vulnerability, and the prevalence of poor quality design and low-cost materials.

Table of content:

• The Threefold Challenge Leads to More Needs of Disaster Housing
• The 8 Design Standards in Designing Post Disaster Temporary Housing
• Understand the Timeline of Post Disaster Temporary Housings
• The Importance of Context: Universal Prototypes vs. Local Adaptations

The Threefold Challenge Leads to More Needs of Disaster Housing

1. Climate Change:

As climate change intensifies, the frequency and severity of natural disasters are on the rise. This leads to a greater number of displaced individuals, requiring immediate housing solutions.

2. Income Disparity and Vulnerability:

A widening income gap has resulted in more people living in vulnerable conditions. These individuals are disproportionately affected by disasters due to their limited resources and lack of access to quality housing.

3. Design and Material Quality:

Exacerbated by no. 2, many housing structures are constructed hastily with low-cost materials, often sacrificing long-term durability and safety. This leads to more catastrophic outcomes after disasters.

As a result, we are seeing more and more housing needs after recent disasters. This phenomenon is pushing designers and architects to rethink the design of temporary and Interim (months to years) housing for disaster victims. In this article, we will explore the crucial considerations in designing temporary housing that not only provides shelter but also reduces post-disaster stress.

The 8 Design Standards in Designing Post Disaster Temporary Housing

1. Comfort and Well-being:

Ensuring thermal and moisture comfort is crucial, as it directly impacts the health and overall well-being of residents. A well-designed space, equipped with effective insulation and ventilation systems, not only alleviates physical discomfort but also fosters a sense of security and stability. By maintaining a comfortable interior environment, temporary housing can become a haven that promotes not only physical health but also emotional and psychological well-being, allowing individuals to rebuild their lives with a greater sense of resilience and hope.

2. Connection to the Environment and Community:

Temporary housing should do more than provide shelter; it should foster connections to the environment and the community. Access to sufficient daylight, fresh air, green spaces and communal areas is not just a luxury but a fundamental necessity, especially in post-disaster situations. These spaces offer opportunities for residents to interact with nature, which can have a profoundly positive impact on mental well-being. Furthermore, communal areas serve as hubs for social interaction, enabling residents to support each other emotionally, share experiences, and begin the process of rebuilding their social bonds and sense of community.

3. Flexibility for Home-making:

Empowering residents to actively participate in the construction process goes beyond mere functionality; it’s about enabling them to shape their living spaces according to their unique needs and preferences. Elemental’s expandable housing concept and Hsieh Ying-Chun’s adaptable building system exemplify this principle. By involving residents in the design and customization of their temporary homes, a sense of belonging is cultivated. This involvement instills a deeper connection between individuals and their living spaces, ultimately fostering a more meaningful and comfortable living experience while aiding in the process of psychological recovery.

4. Dignity in Design

Thoughtful design choices, such as the selection of materials, the arrangement of spaces, and the incorporation of aesthetics, contribute significantly to residents’ sense of self-worth and belonging. Even in temporary housing, individuals should feel valued and respected, regardless of their circumstances. By creating well-designed and aesthetically pleasing environments, housing can affirm the inherent worth of its inhabitants, providing a foundation for rebuilding lives with dignity, confidence, and a sense of stability.

5. Calmness and Present Living:

Post-disaster, individuals often grapple with stress and trauma. In such circumstances, housing should serve as a refuge, providing a calm and soothing environment. Design elements that minimize noise, harness natural light, and promote a sense of orderliness are essential. This atmosphere of tranquility enables residents to focus on the present moment and the process of rebuilding their lives. By offering a peaceful haven, temporary housing supports emotional healing and helps residents regain their sense of agency, enabling them to make informed decisions about their future.

6. Harmonious Design in All Scales:

Every aspect, from large scale as the site layout to small scale of furniture selection, should be considered in relation to the other 7 standards. A harmonious design can be achieved only if no element is overlooked. The design should consider how each element interacts with the others to create a cohesive and functional living space. 

7. Organic and Green Site Design:

Instead of rigid grids, organic placement of homes with diverse hardscapes and landscapes creates a more inviting environment. The Bay Side Marina Hotel in Yokohama, Japan, offers a successful showing of how a site full of container buildings can be interesting and fun. Additionally, the use of sustainable landscaping practices, such as native plantings and rain gardens, can contribute to the overall ecological health of the site.

8. Local Culture in Materials and Furnishings:

Simple yet culturally resonant material selections and furnishings play a vital role in creating a sense of home for the residents. These elements should reflect the local culture and environment. This not only adds a sense of belonging but also supports the local economy. Additionally, incorporating cultural elements into the design, such as traditional patterns or artwork, helps residents feel a deeper connection to their heritage and community.

Understand the Timeline of Post Disaster Temporary Housings

The Importance of Context: Universal Prototypes vs. Local Adaptations

In conclusion, it is imperative to recognize that disaster-resilient housing cannot adhere to a one-size-fits-all approach. Universal prototypes that disregard local culture and environmental context are bound to fall short. By prioritizing comfort, dignity, and connections, and by considering the unique challenges posed by climate change, income disparities, and design quality, we can create housing solutions that truly support and uplift disaster-affected communities.

Related Video:

TEDxCambridgeUniversity: From Shelter to Home After Disasters, Elizabeth Wagemann

Further Reading:

– 5 Best Designs of Post Disaster Temporary Housing